Imbalances in the body's acid-base levels can occur in kidney disease. Conditions like metabolic acidosis may require specific treatments, including bicarbonate therapy.

Acute kidney injury is a sudden decrease in kidney function, often due to a specific event, such as dehydration, infection, or medication side effects. Early detection and management are crucial to recovery.

Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease due to decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys. Treatment may involve iron supplements or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.

Calciphylaxis is a rare but serious condition in which calcium accumulates in small blood vessels, leading to painful skin ulcers and potentially systemic complications. It is often seen in patients with advanced kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease is a gradual loss of kidney function over time. It can result from various conditions, including diabetes and hypertension, and can lead to kidney failure if not managed properly.

Patients undergoing dialysis may experience various complications, such as hypotension, infections, and bone mineral disorders. Regular monitoring and management are essential for these patients.

Electrolyte imbalances occur when levels of minerals like sodium, potassium, and calcium in the body are too high or too low, often due to kidney dysfunction. This can lead to serious health issues.

End-stage renal disease is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, where kidneys can no longer function adequately. Patients often require dialysis or kidney transplantation for survival.

FSGS is a condition that causes scarring in specific areas of the kidneys' filtering units (glomeruli). It can lead to nephrotic syndrome and progressive kidney disease.

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli). It can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications, and may lead to kidney damage if untreated.

These include various genetic conditions that affect kidney function, such as Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane disease. Management often involves monitoring and supportive care.

Hypertensive nephropathy refers to kidney damage caused by high blood pressure. Over time, uncontrolled hypertension can lead to kidney scarring and reduced function.

Hyperparathyroidism can occur in patients with chronic kidney disease, leading to imbalances in calcium and phosphorus levels. Management may involve medication or surgery.

Kidney cancer includes various types of cancer that begin in the kidneys. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving outcomes.

Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys. They can cause severe pain and may lead to urinary tract infections or kidney damage if not treated.

Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy one from a donor. It can significantly improve quality of life and kidney function for eligible patients.

Lupus nephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. It can lead to kidney damage and requires careful management to preserve kidney function.

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by high levels of protein in the urine, low levels of protein in the blood, and swelling. It can result from various underlying conditions, including glomerulonephritis and diabetes.

Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys, often leading to hypertension and kidney dysfunction. Treatment may involve medications or surgical interventions.

This is an inflammation of the kidney's tubules and surrounding structures, often caused by infections, medications, or autoimmune diseases. It can lead to kidney dysfunction if not addressed.

Uremia is a condition resulting from advanced kidney failure, characterized by a buildup of waste products in the blood. Symptoms can include nausea, fatigue, and confusion, requiring urgent medical attention.

Urinary tract infections are infections that can affect the kidneys, bladder, or urethra. If left untreated, UTIs can lead to more serious kidney issues.